Package {glyparse}

Title:	Parsing Glycan Structure Text Representations
Version:	0.8.1
Description:	Provides functions to parse glycan structure text representations into 'glyrepr' glycan structures. Currently, it supports StrucGP-style, pGlyco-style, IUPAC-condensed, IUPAC-extended, IUPAC-short, IUPAC-compact, WURCS, LINUCS, Linear Code, GlycoCT, KCF, and GlycoWorkbench formats. It also provides an automatic parser to detect the format and parse the structure string.
License:	MIT + file LICENSE
Suggests:	knitr, rmarkdown, glue, testthat (≥ 3.0.0)
Config/testthat/edition:	3
Encoding:	UTF-8
URL:	https://glycoverse.github.io/glyparse/, https://github.com/glycoverse/glyparse
Imports:	checkmate, cli, dplyr, glyrepr (≥ 1.0.0), igraph, purrr (≥ 1.0.0), rlang, rstackdeque, stringr
Depends:	R (≥ 4.1)
VignetteBuilder:	knitr
BugReports:	https://github.com/glycoverse/glyparse/issues
RoxygenNote:	7.3.3
NeedsCompilation:	no
Packaged:	2026-08-26 04:22:56 UTC; fubin
Author:	Bin Fu [aut, cre, cph]
Maintainer:	Bin Fu <23110220018@m.fudan.edu.cn>
Repository:	CRAN
Date/Publication:	2026-08-28 14:50:02 UTC

Automatic Structure Parsing

Description

Detect the structure string type and use the appropriate parser to parse automatically. Mixed types are supported.

Supported types:

1. GlycoCT

2. IUPAC-condensed

3. IUPAC-extended

4. IUPAC-short

5. GlyCAM IUPAC

6. IUPAC-compact

7. WURCS

8. Linear Code

9. pGlyco

10. StrucGP

11. KCF

12. LINUCS

13. GlycoWorkbench

Usage

auto_parse(x, on_failure = "error", progress = FALSE)

Arguments

Value

A glyrepr::glycan_structure() object.

Examples

# Single structure
x <- "Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-4)Glc(a1-"  # IUPAC-condensed
auto_parse(x)

# Mixed types
x <- c(
  "Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-4)Glc(a1-",  # IUPAC-condensed
  "Neu5Aca3Gala3(Fuca6)GlcNAcb-"  # IUPAC-short
)
auto_parse(x)

Parse GlyCAM IUPAC Structures

Description

Parse GlyCAM IUPAC-style structure strings into a glyrepr::glycan_structure().

Usage

parse_glycam_iupac(x, on_failure = "error", progress = FALSE)

Arguments

Details

GlyCAM IUPAC is similar to IUPAC-condensed notation, but monosaccharides include configuration and ring markers such as "DGlcp" and "LFucp", terminal reducing-end residues end in "-OH", and residue modifiers are written in brackets, such as "DGalp[6S]b1-4".

The parser normalizes GlyCAM IUPAC into IUPAC-condensed notation, then uses the IUPAC-condensed parser to construct the glycan structure. Explicit reducing-end moieties, such as "-OH" or "-OME", are normalized to the regular reducing-end IUPAC-condensed form because glyrepr does not represent the terminal moiety separately.

Value

A glyrepr::glycan_structure() object.

See Also

parse_iupac_condensed()

Examples

glycam <- "DManpa1-3[DManpa1-6]DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-OH"
parse_glycam_iupac(glycam)

Parse GlycoCT Structures

Description

This function parses GlycoCT strings into a glyrepr::glycan_structure(). GlycoCT is a format used by databases like GlyTouCan and GlyGen.

Usage

parse_glycoct(x, on_failure = "error", progress = FALSE, validate = TRUE)

Arguments

Details

GlycoCT format consists of:

• RES: Contains monosaccharides (lines starting with 'b:') and substituents (lines starting with 's:')

• LIN: Contains linkage information between residues

• UND: Contains floating substructures or substituents whose attachment to the main glycan is unresolved

Main reducing-end alditol residues retain their alditol status and use an unknown anomer configuration.

For more information about GlycoCT format, see the glycoct.md documentation.

Value

A glyrepr::glycan_structure() object.

Examples

glycoct <- paste0(
  "RES\n",
  "1b:a-dgal-HEX-1:5\n",
  "2s:n-acetyl\n",
  "3b:b-dgal-HEX-1:5\n",
  "LIN\n",
  "1:1d(2+1)2n\n",
  "2:1o(3+1)3d"
)
parse_glycoct(glycoct)

Parse GlycoWorkbench Structures

Description

Parse GlycoWorkbench (GWB/GWS) structure strings into a glyrepr::glycan_structure().

Usage

parse_gwb(x, on_failure = "error", progress = FALSE)

Arguments

Details

GlycoWorkbench writes glycans from the reducing end towards the non-reducing ends. Residues include their anomer, configuration, and ring form, for example "--4b1D-Gal,p". Branches are enclosed in parentheses, and the structure is followed by mass options after $.

The parser normalizes the glycan tree to IUPAC-condensed notation before constructing the glycan structure. GlycoWorkbench substituent nodes such as "--6S" and "--9Ac" are retained as monosaccharide substituents. Mass options are ignored because they are not part of the glycan graph. Explicit open-chain residues (⁠,o⁠) are supported only for a reduced redEnd root; other open-chain forms cannot be represented by glyrepr.

Value

A glyrepr::glycan_structure() object.

See Also

parse_iupac_condensed()

Examples

gwb <- paste0(
  "freeEnd--1b1D-GlcNAc,p(--6a1L-Fuc,p)",
  "--4b1D-Gal,p--3a2D-NeuAc,p$MONO,Und,0,0,freeEnd"
)
parse_gwb(gwb)

Parse IUPAC-compact Structures

Description

Parse IUPAC-compact strings into a glyrepr::glycan_structure().

Usage

parse_iupac_compact(x, on_failure = "error", progress = FALSE)

Arguments

Details

IUPAC-compact notation is similar to IUPAC-condensed notation, but linkages are written directly after the monosaccharide, such as "Galb1-3GlcNAc", and branches are written in parentheses. The parser normalizes compact notation into IUPAC-condensed notation, then uses the IUPAC-condensed parser to construct the glycan structure.

Alditol glycans marked with +aldi retain their alditol status and use an unknown reducing-end anomer configuration.

Value

A glyrepr::glycan_structure() object.

See Also

parse_iupac_condensed()

Examples

iupac <- "Mana1-3(Mana1-6)Manb1-4GlcNAcb"
parse_iupac_compact(iupac)

Parse IUPAC-condensed Structures

Description

This function parses IUPAC-condensed strings into a glyrepr::glycan_structure(). For more information about IUPAC-condensed notation, see doi:10.1351/pac199668101919.

Usage

parse_iupac_condensed(x, on_failure = "error", progress = FALSE)

Arguments

Details

The IUPAC-condensed notation is a compact form of IUPAC-extended notation. It is used by the GlyConnect database. It contains the following information:

• Monosaccharide name, e.g. "Gal", "GlcNAc", "Neu5Ac".

• Substituent, e.g. "9Ac", "4Ac", "3Me", "?S".

• Linkage, e.g. "b1-3", "a1-2", "a1-?".

An example of IUPAC-condensed string is "Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-4)Glc(a1-".

The reducing-end monosaccharide can be with or without anomer information. For example, the two strings below are all valid:

• "Neu5Ac(a2-"

• "Neu5Ac"

In the first case, the anomer is "a2". In the second case, the anomer is "?2".

Value

A glyrepr::glycan_structure() object.

See Also

parse_iupac_short(), parse_iupac_extended()

Examples

iupac <- "Gal(b1-3)GlcNAc(b1-4)Glc(a1-"
parse_iupac_condensed(iupac)

Parse IUPAC-extended Structures

Description

Parse IUPAC-extended-style structure characters into a glyrepr::glycan_structure(). For more information about IUPAC-extended format, see doi:10.1351/pac199668101919.

Usage

parse_iupac_extended(x, on_failure = "error", progress = FALSE)

Arguments

Details

The function accepts both a Unicode format (using the Greek letters alpha/beta and the arrow symbol ->) and a plain-text format (using the strings "alpha", "beta", and "->"). For example, both "\u03b2-D-Galp-(1\u21923)-\u03b1-D-GalpNAc-(1\u2192" and "beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1->" are valid inputs.

Value

A glyrepr::glycan_structure() object.

See Also

parse_iupac_condensed(), parse_iupac_short()

Examples

iupac <- "\u03b2-D-Galp-(1\u21923)-\u03b1-D-GalpNAc-(1\u2192"
parse_iupac_extended(iupac)
parse_iupac_extended("beta-D-Galp-(1->3)-alpha-D-GalpNAc-(1->")

Parse IUPAC-short Structures

Description

Parse IUPAC-short-style structure characters into a glyrepr::glycan_structure(). For more information about IUPAC-short format, see doi:10.1351/pac199668101919.

Usage

parse_iupac_short(x, on_failure = "error", progress = FALSE)

Arguments

Details

The IUPAC-short notation is a compact form of IUPAC-condensed notation. It is rarely used in database, but appears a lot in literature for its conciseness. Compared with IUPAC-condensed notation, IUPAC-short notation ignore the anomer positions, assuming they are known for common monosaccharides. For example, "Neu5Aca3Gala-" assumes the anomer of Neu5Ac is C2 (a2-3 linked). Also, the parentheses around linkages are omitted, and parentheses are used to indicate branching, e.g. "Neu5Aca3Gala3(Fuca3)GlcNAcb-".

In the first case, the anomer is "a2". In the second case, the anomer is "?2".

Value

A glyrepr::glycan_structure() object.

See Also

parse_iupac_condensed(), parse_iupac_extended()

Examples

iupac <- "Neu5Aca3Gala3(Fuca6)GlcNAcb-"
parse_iupac_short(iupac)

Parse KCF Structures

Description

This function parses KCF strings into a glyrepr::glycan_structure(). KCF is a graph-oriented format used by KEGG GLYCAN.

Usage

parse_kcf(x, on_failure = "error", progress = FALSE, validate = TRUE)

Arguments

Value

A glyrepr::glycan_structure() object.

Examples

kcf <- paste0(
  "ENTRY       G00066                      Glycan\n",
  "NODE        6\n",
  "            1   Cer        18     0\n",
  "            2   Glc        12     0\n",
  "            3   Gal         6     0\n",
  "            4   GlcNAc     -2     0\n",
  "            5   Gal       -10     0\n",
  "            6   GlcNAc    -18     0\n",
  "EDGE        5\n",
  "            1     2:b1    1:1\n",
  "            2     3:b1    2:4\n",
  "            3     4:b1    3:3\n",
  "            4     5:b1    4:4\n",
  "            5     6:b1    5:3\n",
  "///"
)
parse_kcf(kcf)

Parse Linear Code Structures

Description

Parse Linear Code structures into a glyrepr::glycan_structure(). To know more about Linear Code, see this article.

Usage

parse_linear_code(x, on_failure = "error", progress = FALSE)

Arguments

Value

A glyrepr::glycan_structure() object.

Examples

linear_code <- "Ma3(Ma6)Mb4GNb4GNb"
parse_linear_code(linear_code)

Parse LINUCS Structures

Description

Parse LINUCS strings into a glyrepr::glycan_structure(). LINUCS is a tree-oriented glycan format that writes each residue as a linkage token, a residue token, and a braced child list, for example "[][Hexp]{[(4+1)][Hexp]{}}".

Usage

parse_linucs(x, on_failure = "error", progress = FALSE, validate = TRUE)

Arguments

Details

LINUCS linkages are written as "(parent+child)", where parent is the linkage position on the parent residue and child is the anomeric linkage position on the child residue. Residue labels are normalized to the monosaccharide and substituent vocabulary used by glyrepr::glyrepr. A -ol suffix on the root residue is retained as alditol status.

Value

A glyrepr::glycan_structure() object.

Examples

linucs <- "[][b-D-Glcp]{[(4+1)][b-D-Galp]{}}"
parse_linucs(linucs)

Parse pGlyco Structures

Description

Parse pGlyco-style structure characters into a glyrepr::glycan_structure(). See example below for the structure format.

Usage

parse_pglyco_struc(x, on_failure = "error", progress = FALSE, validate = TRUE)

Arguments

Value

A glyrepr::glycan_structure() object.

Examples

glycan <- parse_pglyco_struc("(N(F)(N(H(H(N))(H(N(H))))))")
print(glycan, verbose = TRUE)

Parse StrucGP Structures

Description

Parse StrucGP-style structure characters into a glyrepr::glycan_structure(). See example below for the structure format.

Usage

parse_strucgp_struc(x, on_failure = "error", progress = FALSE, validate = TRUE)

Arguments

Value

A glyrepr::glycan_structure() object.

Examples

glycan <- parse_strucgp_struc("A2B2C1D1E2F1fedD1E2edcbB5ba")
print(glycan, verbose = TRUE)

Parse WURCS Structures

Description

This function parses WURCS strings into a glyrepr::glycan_structure(). Currently, only WURCS 2.0 is supported. For more information about WURCS, see WURCS. Main reducing-end alditol residues retain their alditol status and use an unknown anomer configuration. Ambiguous alternative linkage groups are represented as floating glycan parts when their child residue or subtree is not localized to one parent. Candidate parents may belong to the main glycan or another floating component. Floating substituents preserve their chemistry, carbon-position ambiguity, and candidate parent residues across the complete structure.

Usage

parse_wurcs(x, on_failure = "error", progress = FALSE, validate = TRUE)

Arguments

Value

A glyrepr::glycan_structure() object.

Examples

wurcs <- paste0(
  "WURCS=2.0/3,5,4/",
  "[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5][a1122h-1a_1-5]/",
  "1-1-2-3-3/a4-b1_b4-c1_c3-d1_c6-e1"
)
parse_wurcs(wurcs)