Type: Package
Title: Truncated Multivariate Normal and t Distribution Simulation
Version: 0.1.4
Maintainer: Kaifeng Lu <kaifenglu@gmail.com>
Description: Simulation of random vectors from truncated multivariate normal and t distributions based on the algorithms proposed by Yifang Li and Sujit K. Ghosh (2015) <doi:10.1080/15598608.2014.996690>.
License: GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)]
Imports: Rcpp (≥ 1.0.7)
LinkingTo: Rcpp, RcppArmadillo
RoxygenNote: 7.3.3
Suggests: testthat (≥ 3.0.0), tmvmixnorm
Encoding: UTF-8
Config/testthat/edition: 3
NeedsCompilation: yes
Packaged: 2025-10-07 13:19:49 UTC; kaife
Author: Kaifeng Lu ORCID iD [aut, cre]
Repository: CRAN
Date/Publication: 2025-10-07 13:50:02 UTC

Truncated Multivariate Normal and t Distribution Simulation

Description

Simulation of random vectors from truncated multivariate normal and t distributions based on the algorithms proposed by Yifang Li and Sujit K. Ghosh (2015) <doi:10.1080/15598608.2014.996690>. We allow the mean, lower and upper bounds to differ across samples to accommodate regression problems. The algorithms are implemented in C++ and hence are highly efficient.

Author(s)

Kaifeng Lu, kaifenglu@gmail.com

References

Yifang Li and Sujit K. Ghosh. Efficient Sampling Methods for Truncated Multivariate Normal and Student-t Distributions Subject to Linear Inequality Constraints. Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice. 2015;9:712-732. doi:10.1080/15598608.2014.996690

Random Generation for Truncated Multivariate Normal

Description

Draws from truncated multivariate normal distribution subject to linear inequality constraints represented by a matrix.

Usage

rtmvnorm(
  mean,
  sigma,
  blc = NULL,
  lower,
  upper,
  init = NULL,
  burn = 10,
  n = NULL
)

Arguments

mean

n x p matrix of means. The number of rows is the number of observations. The number of columns is the dimension of the problem.

sigma

p x p covariance matrix.

blc

m x p matrix of coefficients for linear inequality constraints. If NULL, the p x p identity matrix will be used.

lower

n x m or 1 x m matrix of lower bounds for truncation.

upper

n x m or 1 x m matrix of upper bounds for truncation.

init

n x p or 1 x p matrix of initial values. If NULL, default initial values will be generated.

burn

number of burn-in iterations. Defaults to 10.

n

number of random samples when mean is a vector.

Value

Returns an n x p matrix of random numbers following the specified truncated multivariate normal distribution.

Examples

# Example 1: full rank blc
d = 3;
rho = 0.9;
sigma = matrix(0, d, d);
sigma = rho^abs(row(sigma) - col(sigma));
blc = diag(1,d);
n = 1000;
mean = matrix(rep(1:d,n), nrow=n, ncol=d, byrow=TRUE);
set.seed(1203)
result = rtmvnorm(mean, sigma, blc, -1, 1, burn=50)
apply(result, 2, summary)

# Example 2: use the alternative form of input
set.seed(1203)
result = rtmvnorm(mean=1:d, sigma, blc, -1, 1, burn=50, n=1000)
apply(result, 2, summary)

# Example 3: non-full rank blc
d = 3;
rho = 0.5;
sigma = matrix(0, d, d);
sigma = rho^abs(row(sigma) - col(sigma));
blc = matrix(c(1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1), ncol=d);
n = 100;
mean = matrix(rep(1:d,n), nrow=n, ncol=d, byrow=TRUE);
set.seed(1228)
result = rtmvnorm(mean, sigma, blc, -1, 1, burn=10)
apply(result, 2, summary)

# Example 4: non-full rank blc, alternative form of input
set.seed(1228)
result = rtmvnorm(mean=1:d, sigma, blc, -1, 1, burn=10, n=100)
apply(result, 2, summary) 

# Example 5: means, lower, or upper bounds differ across samples
d = 3;
rho = 0.5;
sigma = matrix(0, d, d);
sigma = rho^abs(row(sigma) - col(sigma));
blc = matrix(c(1,0,1,1,1,0), ncol=d, byrow=TRUE)
n = 100;
set.seed(3084)
mean = matrix(runif(n*d), nrow=n, ncol=d);
result = rtmvnorm(mean, sigma, blc, -1, 1, burn=50)
apply(result, 2, summary)

Random Generation for Truncated Multivariate t

Description

Draws from truncated multivariate t distribution subject to linear inequality constraints represented by a matrix.

Usage

rtmvt(
  mean,
  sigma,
  nu,
  blc = NULL,
  lower,
  upper,
  init = NULL,
  burn = 10,
  n = NULL
)

Arguments

mean

n x p matrix of means. The number of rows is the number of observations. The number of columns is the dimension of the problem.

sigma

p x p covariance matrix.

nu

degrees of freedom for Student-t distribution.

blc

m x p matrix of coefficients for linear inequality constraints. If NULL, the p x p identity matrix will be used.

lower

n x m or 1 x m matrix of lower bounds for truncation.

upper

n x m or 1 x m matrix of upper bounds for truncation.

init

n x p or 1 x p matrix of initial values. If NULL, default initial values will be generated.

burn

number of burn-in iterations. Defaults to 10.

n

number of random samples when mean is a vector.

Value

Returns an n x p matrix of random numbers following the specified truncated multivariate t distribution.

Examples

# Example 1: full rank blc
d = 3;
rho = 0.5;
sigma = matrix(0, d, d);
sigma = rho^abs(row(sigma) - col(sigma));
nu = 10;
blc = diag(1,d);
n = 1000;
mean = matrix(rep(1:d,n), nrow=n, ncol=d, byrow=TRUE);
set.seed(1203)
result = rtmvt(mean, sigma, nu, blc, -1, 1, burn=50)
apply(result, 2, summary)

# Example 2: use the alternative form of input
set.seed(1203)
result = rtmvt(mean=1:d, sigma, nu, blc, -1, 1, burn=50, n)
apply(result, 2, summary)

# Example 3: non-full rank blc, different means
d = 3;
rho = 0.5;
sigma = matrix(0, d, d);
sigma = rho^abs(row(sigma) - col(sigma));
nu = 10;
blc = matrix(c(1,0,1,1,1,0), nrow=d-1, ncol=d, byrow=TRUE)
n = 100;
set.seed(3084)
mean = matrix(runif(n*d), nrow=n, ncol=d);
result = rtmvt(mean, sigma, nu, blc, -1, 1, burn=50)
apply(result, 2, summary)

Random Generation for Truncated Univariate Normal

Description

Draws from truncated univariate normal distribution within an interval.

Usage

rtnorm(mean, sd = 1, lower, upper, n = NULL)

Arguments

mean

vector of means. The length is the number of observations.

sd

standard deviation. Defaults to 1.

lower

a scalar of lower bound for truncation, or a vector of lower bounds with the same length as mean.

upper

a scalar of upper bound for truncation, or a vector of upper bounds with the same length as mean.

n

number of random samples when mean is a scalar.

Value

Returns a vector of random numbers following the specified truncated univariate normal distribution.

Examples

set.seed(1203)
x = rtnorm(mean=rep(1,1000), sd=2, lower=-2, upper=3)
summary(x)

# use the alternative form of input
set.seed(1203)
x = rtnorm(mean=1, sd=2, lower=-2, upper=3, n=1000)
summary(x)