Package {closecity}

Title: Client for the 'Close' API
Version: 1.5.0
Description: Access travel times from every US census block to nearby points of interest, by walking, biking, and public transit, over the 'Close' API. Wraps the metered, read-only public endpoints with keyset pagination, ETag/304 conditional requests, token accounting, typed RFC 9457 error handling, and tabular output by default ('sf' where geometry applies, a data frame otherwise).
License: MIT + file LICENSE
Encoding: UTF-8
URL: https://henryspatialanalysis.github.io/closecity-r/, https://github.com/henryspatialanalysis/closecity-r
BugReports: https://github.com/henryspatialanalysis/closecity-r/issues
Depends: R (≥ 4.1)
Imports: httr2 (≥ 1.0.0), jsonlite, R6, rlang, sf
Suggests: testthat (≥ 3.0.0), withr, tigris, plotly, geojsonsf, knitr, rmarkdown
Config/testthat/edition: 3
Config/Needs/website: pkgdown
RoxygenNote: 8.0.0
VignetteBuilder: knitr
NeedsCompilation: no
Packaged: 2026-07-23 09:57:55 UTC; nathenry
Author: Nathaniel Henry [aut, cre], Henry Spatial Analysis [aut, cph, fnd]
Maintainer: Nathaniel Henry <nat@henryspatialanalysis.com>
Repository: CRAN
Date/Publication: 2026-08-02 16:30:07 UTC

Close API client

Description

An R6 object that holds your connection settings and gives you one method per public route. Create it with close_client() rather than calling ⁠$new()⁠. Results come back per the output field: an sf object where geometry applies, a data frame otherwise, or a close_reply when output is 'raw'.

Public fields

output

(character(1))
How results come back: 'spatial', 'tabular', or 'raw'. Change it any time, or override it per call with the method's output argument.

Methods

Public methods

CloseClient$new()

Create a client. Prefer close_client().

Usage
CloseClient$new(
  api_key = NULL,
  base_url = DEFAULT_BASE_URL,
  timeout = 30,
  output = "spatial"
)
Arguments
api_key

Your API key, or NULL for the free routes. When NULL, the CLOSECITY_KEY environment variable is used if set.

base_url

API base URL.

timeout

Request timeout, in seconds.

output

One of 'spatial', 'tabular', or 'raw'.

CloseClient$health()

Liveness check (free). Always a raw close_reply.

Usage
CloseClient$health()
Returns

A close_reply.

CloseClient$last_updated()

Publication time of the newest data (free). Always a raw reply.

Usage
CloseClient$last_updated()
Returns

A close_reply.

CloseClient$modes()

Travel modes and their numeric ids (free).

Usage
CloseClient$modes(output = NULL)
Arguments
output

Override the client's output mode for this call.

Returns

A data frame, or a close_reply when output is 'raw'.

CloseClient$destination_types()

Destination-type taxonomy (free). Use it to look up the numeric type ids the data routes filter on; a parent type expands to its leaf_ids.

Usage
CloseClient$destination_types(output = NULL)
Arguments
output

Override the client's output mode for this call.

Returns

A data frame, or a close_reply when output is 'raw'.

CloseClient$vintage()

Active version of each dataset component (free).

Usage
CloseClient$vintage(output = NULL)
Arguments
output

Override the client's output mode for this call.

Returns

A data frame, or a close_reply when output is 'raw'.

CloseClient$places()

Look up a city or town by name (free). Each match carries its census place GEOID and centre point.

Usage
CloseClient$places(q, limit = NULL, output = NULL)
Arguments
q

Name to search for, such as "Providence".

limit

Most matches to return (1 to 20).

output

Override the client's output mode for this call.

Returns

An sf of points (a data frame in tabular mode, a close_reply when output is 'raw').

CloseClient$block_summary()

Fastest travel time from a census block to each destination category, by mode. Pass a vector of GEOIDs to query many blocks in one call (one request, one rate-limit tick).

Usage
CloseClient$block_summary(
  geoid,
  mode = NULL,
  type = NULL,
  if_none_match = NULL,
  output = NULL
)
Arguments
geoid

A 15-digit census block GEOID, or a vector of them for a single multi-origin call. Every result row carries its origin geoid; per-origin errors / truncated / truncated_reason ride on the frame's attributes.

mode

Travel mode(s) to keep: "walk", "bike", "transit".

type

Destination type id(s) to keep.

if_none_match

An ETag from an earlier reply, to revalidate for free (single-block form only).

output

Override the client's output mode for this call.

Returns

A data frame with a broadcast geoid column, or a close_reply when output is 'raw'.

CloseClient$block_pois()

Nearby points of interest and their travel time from a block, one row per (POI, mode). Reads every page by default. Pass a vector of GEOIDs to query many blocks in one call (one request, one rate-limit tick; the multi-origin form is not paginated).

Usage
CloseClient$block_pois(
  geoid,
  mode = NULL,
  type = NULL,
  dest_id = NULL,
  max_minutes = NULL,
  limit = NULL,
  cursor = NULL,
  paginate = TRUE,
  output = NULL
)
Arguments
geoid

A 15-digit census block GEOID, or a vector of them for a single multi-origin call. Every row carries its origin geoid; per-origin errors / truncated ride on the frame's attributes.

mode

Travel mode(s) to keep.

type

Destination type id(s) to keep.

dest_id

Specific destination id(s) to keep.

max_minutes

Upper bound on travel time (up to 30).

limit

Rows per page (up to 1000; single-block form only).

cursor

Page cursor from a previous reply's next_cursor; supplying one fetches only that page.

paginate

Follow next_cursor and return every page (the default); set FALSE for the first page only.

output

Override the client's output mode for this call.

Returns

An sf of points (a data frame in tabular mode, a close_reply when output is 'raw').

CloseClient$point_summary()

Like ⁠$block_summary()⁠, but from the block containing a lat/lon point. The resolved block is echoed as resolved_block and broadcast to a geoid column. Pass equal-length lat / lon vectors to query many points in one call (one request, one rate-limit tick).

Usage
CloseClient$point_summary(
  lat,
  lon,
  mode = NULL,
  type = NULL,
  if_none_match = NULL,
  output = NULL
)
Arguments
lat

Latitude, or a vector of latitudes for a multi-origin call.

lon

Longitude, or a matching vector of longitudes. In the multi-origin form each row carries its origin_lat / origin_lon, and resolved blocks / errors / truncated ride on the frame's attributes.

mode

Travel mode(s) to keep.

type

Destination type id(s) to keep.

if_none_match

An ETag to revalidate for free (single-point form only).

output

Override the client's output mode for this call.

Returns

A data frame, or a close_reply when output is 'raw'.

CloseClient$point_pois()

Like ⁠$block_pois()⁠, but from the block containing a lat/lon point. Reads every page by default. Pass equal-length lat / lon vectors to query many points in one call (one request, one rate-limit tick; the multi-origin form is not paginated).

Usage
CloseClient$point_pois(
  lat,
  lon,
  mode = NULL,
  type = NULL,
  dest_id = NULL,
  max_minutes = NULL,
  limit = NULL,
  cursor = NULL,
  paginate = TRUE,
  output = NULL
)
Arguments
lat

Latitude, or a vector of latitudes for a multi-origin call.

lon

Longitude, or a matching vector of longitudes. In the multi-origin form each row carries its origin_lat / origin_lon.

mode

Travel mode(s) to keep.

type

Destination type id(s) to keep.

dest_id

Specific destination id(s) to keep.

max_minutes

Upper bound on travel time (up to 30).

limit

Rows per page (up to 1000; single-point form only).

cursor

Page cursor; supplying one fetches only that page.

paginate

Follow next_cursor and return every page (the default); set FALSE for the first page only.

output

Override the client's output mode for this call.

Returns

An sf of points (a data frame in tabular mode, a close_reply when output is 'raw').

CloseClient$pois_search()

Search points of interest by bounding box, or by a circle (lat + lon + radius_m). Reads every page by default.

Usage
CloseClient$pois_search(
  lat = NULL,
  lon = NULL,
  radius_m = NULL,
  bbox = NULL,
  type = NULL,
  q = NULL,
  limit = NULL,
  cursor = NULL,
  paginate = TRUE,
  output = NULL
)
Arguments
lat, lon

Circle centre.

radius_m

Circle radius, in metres (up to 50000).

bbox

Bounding box, "min_lon,min_lat,max_lon,max_lat".

type

Destination type id(s) to keep.

q

Name text to match.

limit

Rows per page (up to 1000).

cursor

Page cursor; supplying one fetches only that page.

paginate

Follow next_cursor and return every page (the default); set FALSE for the first page only.

output

Override the client's output mode for this call.

Returns

An sf of points (a data frame in tabular mode, a close_reply when output is 'raw').

CloseClient$poi()

Details for one point of interest.

Usage
CloseClient$poi(dest_id, if_none_match = NULL, output = NULL)
Arguments
dest_id

Destination id.

if_none_match

An ETag to revalidate for free.

output

Override the client's output mode for this call.

Returns

An sf of one point (a data frame in tabular mode, a close_reply when output is 'raw').

CloseClient$poi_catchment()

Every census block that can reach a point of interest, one row per (block, mode). Reads every page by default. Pass a vector of dest_ids to query many POIs in one call (one request, one rate-limit tick; the multi-origin form is not paginated).

Usage
CloseClient$poi_catchment(
  dest_id,
  mode = NULL,
  block = NULL,
  max_minutes = NULL,
  limit = NULL,
  cursor = NULL,
  paginate = TRUE,
  output = NULL
)
Arguments
dest_id

A destination id, or a vector of them for a single multi-origin call. Every row carries its origin dest_id; per-POI errors / truncated ride on the frame's attributes.

mode

Travel mode(s) to keep.

block

Specific block id(s) to keep.

max_minutes

Upper bound on travel time (up to 30).

limit

Rows per page (up to 1000; single-POI form only).

cursor

Page cursor; supplying one fetches only that page.

paginate

Follow next_cursor and return every page (the default); set FALSE for the first page only.

output

Override the client's output mode for this call.

Returns

An sf of block polygons (a data frame in tabular mode, a close_reply when output is 'raw').

CloseClient$blocks_query()

Blocks inside a GeoJSON polygon, or a circle (center + radius_m), one row per (block, category, mode). Rows carry the numeric mode_id (join ⁠$modes()⁠ to label it). Reads every page by default.

Usage
CloseClient$blocks_query(
  polygon = NULL,
  center = NULL,
  radius_m = NULL,
  type = NULL,
  mode = NULL,
  include_population = NULL,
  limit = NULL,
  cursor = NULL,
  paginate = TRUE,
  output = NULL
)
Arguments
polygon

A GeoJSON polygon or multipolygon (a list).

center

A circle centre, list(lon =, lat =).

radius_m

Circle radius, in metres (up to 28000).

type

Destination type id(s) to keep.

mode

Travel mode(s) to keep.

include_population

Add each block's population to its rows.

limit

Rows per page (up to 1000).

cursor

Page cursor; supplying one fetches only that page.

paginate

Follow next_cursor and return every page (the default); set FALSE for the first page only.

output

Override the client's output mode for this call.

Returns

An sf of block polygons (a data frame in tabular mode, a close_reply when output is 'raw').

CloseClient$place_blocks()

Per-block travel times for every block in a place (a city or town), by place GEOID. Rows carry the numeric mode_id (join ⁠$modes()⁠ to label it). Reads every page by default.

Usage
CloseClient$place_blocks(
  geoid,
  mode = NULL,
  type = NULL,
  include_population = NULL,
  limit = NULL,
  cursor = NULL,
  paginate = TRUE,
  output = NULL
)
Arguments
geoid

Census place GEOID.

mode

Travel mode(s) to keep.

type

Destination type id(s) to keep.

include_population

Add each block's population to its rows.

limit

Rows per page (up to 1000).

cursor

Page cursor; supplying one fetches only that page.

paginate

Follow next_cursor and return every page (the default); set FALSE for the first page only.

output

Override the client's output mode for this call.

Returns

An sf of block polygons (a data frame in tabular mode, a close_reply when output is 'raw').

CloseClient$place_pois()

Every point of interest within a census place (a city or town), by place GEOID. The place analog of ⁠$pois_search()⁠; pass type to get, e.g., all supermarkets in a city. Spatial only, no travel times. Reads every page by default.

Usage
CloseClient$place_pois(
  geoid,
  type = NULL,
  q = NULL,
  limit = NULL,
  cursor = NULL,
  paginate = TRUE,
  output = NULL
)
Arguments
geoid

Census place GEOID.

type

Destination type id(s) to keep.

q

Name substring to match.

limit

Rows per page (up to 1000).

cursor

Page cursor; supplying one fetches only that page.

paginate

Follow next_cursor and return every page (the default); set FALSE for the first page only.

output

Override the client's output mode for this call.

Returns

An sf of points (a data frame in tabular mode, a close_reply when output is 'raw').

CloseClient$place_boundary()

The boundary polygon of a census place, as a one-row sf, handy as a boundary layer for close_map() when mapping a city's blocks or POIs. Free (no API key).

Usage
CloseClient$place_boundary(geoid, output = NULL)
Arguments
geoid

Census place GEOID.

output

Override the client's output mode for this call.

Returns

A one-row sf polygon (a close_reply when output is 'raw').

CloseClient$isochrone()

Travel-time contours from a block or a lat/lon point. Give minutes for one threshold, or contours for up to four.

Usage
CloseClient$isochrone(
  block = NULL,
  lon = NULL,
  lat = NULL,
  mode = NULL,
  direction = NULL,
  minutes = NULL,
  contours = NULL,
  format = NULL,
  v = NULL,
  if_none_match = NULL,
  output = NULL
)
Arguments
block

Origin block GEOID (or give lon + lat).

lon, lat

Origin point, instead of block.

mode

"walk", "bike", or "transit".

direction

"to" (blocks that can reach the origin) or "from".

minutes

A single threshold (1 to 60).

contours

Up to four ascending levels, instead of minutes.

format

"geojson" (polygons) or "blocks" (a block list).

v

Optional cache-buster, echoed back.

if_none_match

An ETag to revalidate for free.

output

Override the client's output mode for this call.

Returns

An sf (contour polygons for geojson, block polygons for blocks), a data frame in tabular mode, or a close_reply when output is 'raw'.

CloseClient$isochrone_meta()

Isochrone version, directions, modes, and assumptions (free). Always a raw close_reply.

Usage
CloseClient$isochrone_meta(if_none_match = NULL)
Arguments
if_none_match

An ETag to revalidate for free.

Returns

A close_reply.

CloseClient$records()

Read every record from a paginated method, following the cursor to the last page. The paginated methods now read every page by default, so this is rarely needed; it remains for explicit control and back-compat.

Usage
CloseClient$records(endpoint, ..., output = NULL)
Arguments
endpoint

Name of a paginated method, such as "pois_search".

...

Arguments passed on to that method.

output

Override the client's output mode for this call.

Returns

A data frame (an sf in spatial mode), or a list of records when output is 'raw'.

Examples
close$records("pois_search", lat = 41.82, lon = -71.41, radius_m = 1500)

CloseClient$clone()

The objects of this class are cloneable with this method.

Usage
CloseClient$clone(deep = FALSE)
Arguments
deep

Whether to make a deep clone.

Examples


## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `CloseClient$records()`
## ------------------------------------------------

## Not run: 
close$records("pois_search", lat = 41.82, lon = -71.41, radius_m = 1500)

## End(Not run)

Convert a Close reply to a data.frame

Description

Turns a close_reply into a plain data.frame, one row per record. This is what the client returns in the "tabular" output mode; close_as_sf() adds geometry on top of the same rows. Metering and envelope metadata (token counts, block_geoid, assumptions, ...) are attached as attributes.

Usage

close_as_df(x, key = NULL)

Arguments

x

(close_reply)
A reply, or the same list shape.

key

(character(1), default NULL)
Name of the record array to read. Detected from the body when omitted.

Value

A data.frame. Summary replies gain a broadcast geoid column.

Examples

## Not run: 
close <- close_client(output = 'raw')
close_as_df(close$modes())

## End(Not run)

Convert a Close reply to an sf object

Description

Detects the geometry from the payload. POI replies (from ⁠$pois_search()⁠, ⁠$block_pois()⁠, ⁠$point_pois()⁠, ⁠$poi()⁠, ⁠$places()⁠) become points from their lat/lon. An isochrone reply with format = "geojson" becomes polygons. Block replies (⁠$blocks_query()⁠, ⁠$place_blocks()⁠, ⁠$poi_catchment()⁠, isochrone format = "blocks") carry only GEOIDs, so the block boundaries are joined from block_geometry, or downloaded with tigris when fetch = TRUE.

Usage

close_as_sf(
  x,
  block_geometry = NULL,
  geoid_col = "GEOID20",
  crs = 4326,
  fetch = FALSE
)

Arguments

x

(close_reply)
A reply, or the same list shape.

block_geometry

(sf, default NULL)
Block boundaries with a geoid_col column, joined to block replies on the 15-digit GEOID.

geoid_col

(character(1), default 'GEOID20')
Name of the GEOID column in block_geometry (TIGER 2020 blocks).

crs

(default 4326)
Coordinate reference system for point and polygon geometry.

fetch

(logical(1), default FALSE)
If TRUE and block_geometry is NULL, download the needed TIGER blocks with tigris (inferring state and county from the GEOIDs).

Value

An sf data frame. Metering and envelope metadata are attached as attributes.

Examples

## Not run: 
close <- close_client(output = 'raw')
close_as_sf(close$pois_search(lat = 41.82, lon = -71.41, radius_m = 1500))

## End(Not run)

Create a Close API client

Description

Builds a CloseClient. The catalog and health routes are free, so a key is optional. Every data route needs one (a ck_live_ key), created at https://account.close.city (5,000 free tokens on signup, no card).

Usage

close_client(
  api_key = NULL,
  base_url = DEFAULT_BASE_URL,
  timeout = 30,
  output = "spatial"
)

Arguments

api_key

(character(1), default NULL)
Your API key, or NULL for the free routes. When NULL, the CLOSECITY_KEY environment variable is used if set.

base_url

(character(1))
API base URL.

timeout

(numeric(1), default 30)
Request timeout, in seconds.

output

(character(1), default 'spatial')
How results come back: 'spatial' returns an sf object where geometry applies and a data frame otherwise; 'tabular' returns a data frame for every route and never downloads block boundaries; 'raw' returns the close_reply.

Value

A CloseClient. Make calls through its methods.

Examples

## Not run: 
close <- close_client('ck_live_your_key')   # use your own key here
close$block_summary('440070008001068', mode = 'walk')

## End(Not run)

Interactive map of Close spatial results

Description

Draw the sf object a client method returns as an interactive map on a CARTO Positron basemap. Points (POIs, places) render as bright hoverable markers; polygons (census blocks) are filled, optionally greying the features that do not meet a criterion so the ones that matter stand out. The view auto-zooms to fit every layer with a margin, and hover shows all attributes.

Usage

close_map(
  x,
  color = "#e8590c",
  highlight = NULL,
  fill = NULL,
  palette = "YlGnBu",
  reverse = FALSE,
  label = NULL,
  size = 15,
  opacity = 0.65,
  boundary = NULL,
  background = NULL,
  background_color = "#3b6fb0",
  background_opacity = 0.3,
  background_fill = TRUE,
  points = NULL,
  points_color = "#e8590c",
  mark = NULL,
  buffer = 0.15,
  zoom = NULL
)

Arguments

x

An sf from a client method: points or polygons.

color

Marker/fill colour for flat features (or for highlighted ones).

highlight

Optional. A logical vector (length nrow(x)) or the name of a logical/0-1 column in x. When supplied, features that do not meet it render grey (⁠#888⁠) and the rest use color, so you can show every block in a study area and pick out the matches, rather than dropping the others.

fill

Optional. The name of a numeric column to shade features by, on a continuous ColorBrewer scale with a legend (e.g. travel time, or an access score). Use this OR highlight, not both.

palette

A plotly ColorBrewer colorscale name for fill (default "YlGnBu").

reverse

Which end of the YlGnBu scale is blue. FALSE (default) puts blue at the low values, TRUE at the high values. Choose so blue marks the most-accessible end: FALSE for travel time (low is best), TRUE for a score.

label

Optional. A column shown first (bold) in the hover; the rest of the attributes follow.

size

Marker size, for point maps.

opacity

Fill opacity, for polygon maps.

boundary

Optional. A polygon sf drawn as a grey outline underneath the data, e.g. a city boundary from place_boundary().

background

Optional. A polygon sf, or a list of them, drawn as semi-transparent fills underneath the data, e.g. commute isochrones, or a walkshed under its POIs.

background_color

Fill colour(s) for background, recycled across the layers.

background_opacity

Fill opacity for background layers.

background_fill

Fill the background layers (default TRUE); FALSE draws them as outlines only.

points

Optional. A point sf drawn as markers on top of the main layer, e.g. POI locations over a block map.

points_color

Marker colour for points.

mark

Optional. A point to mark on top with an X, either a c(lon, lat) pair or a point sf/sfc (e.g. a starting point).

buffer

Fraction of the data extent to pad the view by (default 0.15).

zoom

Deprecated/ignored; the view auto-zooms to the data.

Value

A plotly map object.

Examples

## Not run: 
close <- close_client()
close_map(close$place_pois(geoid = "4459000", type = 30), color = "#e8590c")

## End(Not run)

The reply object

Description

When output is 'raw', every method returns a close_reply: a list with the parsed body plus the metering and caching information as named fields.

Fields

data

The parsed body (a list), or NULL for a 304.

results

The results array for list routes (else an empty list).

next_cursor

The cursor for the next page, or NULL.

tokens_charged, tokens_remaining

Token counts; NULL on free routes.

etag

The response ETag, to pass back as if_none_match.

status

HTTP status code.

not_modified

TRUE for a 304 (data is NULL).

request_id

Server request id, handy for support.

See Also

close_as_df() and close_as_sf() to convert a reply by hand.

Print a close_reply

Description

Print a close_reply

Usage

## S3 method for class 'close_reply'
print(x, ...)

Arguments

x

A close_reply.

...

Ignored.

Value

x, invisibly.